Simple Guide to 은/는 vs 이/가 1. Basic Form 🙋♂️ - 은/는: Use 은 after consonants, 는 after vowels - 이/가: Use 이 after consonants, 가 after vowels 2. Main Differences 📚 1) Known vs New - 은/는 = Previously mentioned topics ("That pencil we talked about") - 이/가 = New information ("There's a pencil here") 2) Sentence Focus - 은/는 = Focus on what happened ("As for Yonghi, she won third") - 이/가 = Focus on who did it ("YONGHI won third") 3) Comparison - 은/는 = Good for comparing ("I like pizza, brother likes burgers") - 이/가 = Single focus, no comparison 4) Special Uses - 은/는 = Can be used anywhere in sentence, good for general truths - 이/가 = Only used with subjects, specific situations 3. Simple Tips 👍 1) Use 이/가 when: - Introducing something new - Emphasizing WHO did something - Answering "who?" questions 2) Use 은/는 when: - Talking about known topics - Making comparisons - Stating general facts - Emphasizing WHAT happened Note: Koreans often skip these particles in casual speech, but learn proper usage first!