秦始皇（前259年—前210年），嬴姓，名政，是中国历史上第一个使用皇帝称号的君主，完成了中国历史上首次大一统，建立了秦朝。他出生于赵国邯郸，13岁即位秦王，22岁亲政，并在前230年至前221年间，先后灭掉韩、赵、魏、楚、燕、齐六国，统一了中国，结束了长期分裂割据的局面，并在政治、经济、文化等方面进行了一系列改革，奠定了中国两千多年政治制度的基本格局 Qin Shi Huang (259 BCE – 210 BCE), born Zheng of the Ying clan, was the first ruler in Chinese history to adopt the title of "Huangdi" (Emperor). He accomplished the first great unification of China, founding the Qin dynasty. Born in Handan, in the state of Zhao, he ascended the throne as the King of Qin at the age of 13. He assumed personal control of the government at 22. Between 230 and 221 BCE, he successively conquered the six major rival states – Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, and Qi – thereby unifying China and ending centuries of fragmentation and warfare. He implemented sweeping reforms in politics, economics, and culture. His legacy laid the institutional foundations for the political structure of imperial China that endured for over two millennia.